Eventually, Project 23 crystallized into a series of Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleships. Sovetsky Soyuz class battleship. One pair was on either side of the tower-mast and the aft pair was on each side of the aft funnel. [3] The U.S. firm of Gibbs & Cox provided four designs; one for a conventional battleship, and three hybrid designs which combined battleship main armament with a raised flight deck on the central superstructure capable of operating up to 30 aircraft. La clase Sovietsky Soyuz (en ruso Совeцкй Союз) fue una clase de acorazados compuesta por quince buques, de los que se comenzaron a construir cuatro en la antigua Unión Soviética a finales de los años 30, ninguno de los cuales, llegó a terminarse. [10], The Sovetsky Soyuz-class ships were provided with aircraft facilities to handle two to four KOR-2 flying boats which would be launched by the two catapults mounted on the stern. Forward of this bulkhead was a 20 mm splinter belt that continued all the way to the bow. An old steamship was fitted with a replica of the design's armor decks and tested against 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) bombs, proving that such ordnance would generally penetrate both the 40-millimeter (1.6 in) upper and 50-millimeter (2.0 in) middle decks before exploding on the armored deck. [14], The main armament consisted of three electrically powered MK-1 triple turrets, each with three 50-caliber 406 mm B-37 guns. Construction of two more ships planned for Leningrad and Nikolayev had to move to the brand-new Shipyard Nr. It was 380 mm (15 in) over the rear magazine. Todo lo aprovechable de este buque fue utilizado en las defensas de Leningrado. The Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleships (Project 23, Советский Союз), also known as "Stalin's Republics", were a class of battleships begun by the Soviet Union in the late 1930s but never brought into service. Aside from the ship's specifications themselves the type of ton is not specified by McLaughlin. [17], Heavy anti-aircraft (AA) fire was provided by a dozen 56-caliber 100 mm B-34 dual-purpose guns in six twin MZ-14 turrets with 400 rounds per gun. Stalin's decision that the Project 23-class ships would use three shafts instead of four increased the load on each shaft and reduced propulsive efficiency, although it did shorten the length of the armored citadel and thus overall displacement. The Sovietsky Soyuz is perhaps he most identifiable ship of the Soviet navy. However, only four were actually laid down before the outbreak of World War II forced the Soviets to reassess their ambitious plans. The Kremlin was the result of an enlargement in the very successful Sovetskaya Rossiya-class battleship, as opposed to the failure of the direct predecessor the Sovietsky Soyuz-class. And as designs, they were filled with many aspects that were considered deeply flawed. Dvenadsat Apostolov participated in the failed attempt to recapture the mutinous battleship Potemkin in 1905. [28] When the war began she was estimated to be 21.19% complete with 15,818 metric tons (15,568 long tons) of steel assembled on the slip. Wikis. McLaughlin, Stephen (2003). Las máquinas y el resto del blindaje ya se encontraban en los astilleros Ordzhonikidze cuando se ordenó parar los trabajos. Above either nacelle were mounted outboard sensor pods. The Projekt 23 battleships (Sovetsky Soyuz-class) were much, much larger battleships than UP.41, designed to be able to face down any battleship they might be expected to meet in the future. [23], The torpedo defense system was designed to withstand torpedoes with warheads equivalent to 750 kg (1,653 lb) of TNT. Esta página se editó por última vez el 17 feb 2020 a las 15:56. These tests proved that the torpedo belt system of multiple bulkheads was superior to the Pugliese system of a large tube filled with smaller sealed tubes, but it was too late to incorporate these test results into the design as construction was well underway by the time they were completed in late 1939. The Germans dismantled 200 feet (61 m) of her bow and 100 feet (30 m) of her stern for use in fortifications. The main armor belt dropped down to the main deck from the upper deck abreast the aft turret to reduce weight. [22], The forecastle deck was 25 mm thick while the upper deck was 155 mm (6.1 in) over the citadel. ISBN 1-55750-481-4. https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clase_Sovietsky_Soyuz&oldid=123605991, Proyectos militares abandonados de la Unión Soviética, Wikipedia:Artículos con datos por trasladar a Wikidata, Wikipedia:Artículos destacados en la Wikipedia en inglés, Licencia Creative Commons Atribución Compartir Igual 3.0. The guns fired 1,108-kilogram (2,443 lb) projectiles at a muzzle velocity of 830 m/s (2,700 ft/s); this provided a maximum range of 45,600 meters (49,900 yd). Reduced models of the … France, which was given parity with Italy, also possessed 70,000 tons of capital ship tonnage. They were designed in response to the battleships being built by Germany. The belt was 148.4 meters (486 ft 11 in) long and covered 57% of the total waterline length. Another arched deck of the same thickness covered the stern aft of the rear transverse bulkhead. These 5 Giant Battleships Never Reached the Open Ocean. The ships began construction with only four turrets, but two additional turrets were restored to the quarterdeck in January 1941. Apart from the Japanese, the only serious competitors in the “super-battleship” weight class were the Soviet Sovetsky Soyuz class, and the German H-39 class. The plants tended to compensate by making the thicker plates harder, but this often made them more brittle and large numbers did not pass the acceptance tests. Four KDP-4t-II directors, with two 4-meter (13 ft 1 in) rangefinders each, controlled the secondary armament. En 1948 el casco fue cortado en varias secciones y desguazado finalizando los trabajos en 1950. The failure of the Sovietsky Soyuz class is one of the largest disputes of battleships ever built. The Italian firm of Gio. She was only lightly damaged by German air attacks and bombardments and, as some material had been used during the Siege of Leningrad, she was estimated to be 19.5% complete after the end of the war. Built alongside the Sovetskaya Rossiya -class, Sovietsky Soyuz was more of a one off extension of the Rossiya class, but still comparable to the Montana-class. Coupled with the relatively low length-to-beam ratio of 7.14:1, this meant that very powerful turbines were necessary to achieve even modest speeds. 402 in Molotovsk, but construction was suspended in mid-1940 when it was discovered that 70,000 rivets used in her hull plating were of inferior quality. The barbettes were 425 mm (16.7 in) thick above the upper deck. [11], The machinery arrangement was unusual; working from fore to aft, the turbine compartments for the wing shafts were located immediately abaft the magazines for turret No. Four single-reduction, impulse-reduction geared turbines were ordered from the Swiss firm, three to equip Sovetskaya Rossiya and one to serve as a pattern for the factory in Kharkiv that was to build the remainder. [31] Material intended for her construction was used to construct a floating battery for the defense of Leningrad.[32]. Su cadencia de disparo era de 7,5 disparos por minuto. La idea que tenían era construir un arma de gran alcance y alto poder de penetración, estas condiciones repercutían sobre la vida del tubo del cañón que era bastante corta. [6], The timing of the redesign proved to be inauspicious as the Great Purge was spreading through the ranks of the military and related industries. On 19 October 1940 an order was issued, signed by Stalin and Molotov, that no new battleships would be laid down in order to concentrate on smaller ships' building (and also, probably, because more resources were required for the Army), one ship is to be scrapped, and priority should be given to only one of the three remaining battleships. They had a fixed loading angle of 6° and their rate of fire varied with the time required to re-aim the guns. Games Movies TV Video. 105 meters (344.5 ft)); it also meant that the boilers in Nos. Armor plate production was even more problematic as only 1,800 metric tons (1,772 long tons) of the anticipated 10,000 metric tons (9,842 long tons) were delivered in 1939 and more than half of that was rejected. This unusual arrangement, somewhat reminiscent of Italian practice, provided good dispersal of the machinery spaces, but at the cost of very long runs for the wing shafts (ca. Classes which did not enter service are listed by the date of cancellation or last work on the project. [2] The Italian firm of Gio. Tests dictated to raise the main armor deck one leverl above and a splinter deck was added underneath. Their barbettes were 100 mm in thickness, but reduced to 65 mm on their inboard sides. The K-1000 battleship was rumoured to be a type of advanced battleship produced by the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Cold War.Soviet intelligence agencies actively encouraged the circulation of rumours about the type, which were reprinted by several Western journals including Jane's Fighting Ships.. Accounts of the new Soviet battleships appeared in journals in France, … Both countries were put under significant pressure from the other signatories to use their allotted tonnage to build smaller battl… Ketsueki Namida Wiki. The Soyuz-class was a type of starship in service to the Federation in the mid-23rd century, until being retired from service in the late 2280s. The list of battleship classes includes all Ironclad battleship classes listed in chronological order by first commission. Fue cancelado el 19 de octubre de 1940. One battleship, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, was cancelled on 19 October 1940 after serious construction flaws were found. Sovetskii Soyuz means "Soviet Union" in Russian and was as well a Soviet Battleship Class that never came into service. Soviet Navy/Russia Algo más adelante trataron de terminarlo pero no le dieron mucha prioridad. The Sovietsky Soyuz is perhaps he most identifiable ship of the Soviet navy. This fact probably influenced the decision to cancel her on 19 October 1940. Soyuz (9) Pallada (11) - Avrora (12) - Upor (13) - Leviatan (1) - Constructed for the Estovakian Navy in 1945, she served as the nation's flagship and underwent numerous modernization programs until being sunk in 2016. Pero 15 acorazados supusieron una carga demasiado pesada para la economía Soviética y a mediados de 1940 se decidió suspender el proyecto cuando solo se habían comenzado los trabajos de cuatro de los buques. The belt armor was carried forward of the magazines at a thickness of 220 mm (8.7 in) and terminated in a steeply sloped (30°) transverse 285 mm (11.2 in) bulkhead that reduced to 250 mm (9.8 in) at the lower deck where it was continued down to the inner bottom by a 75-millimeter (3.0 in) bulkhead. They did manage to get agreement on 22 November 1936 for a thickening of the deck armor that raised the displacement to about 47,000 tons. Three turbines were delivered by Brown Boveri in 1939 to Arkhangelsk for the Sovetskaya Rossiya, but the Kharkhovskii Turbogenerator Works never completed a single turbine before the German invasion in June 1941. Entrando en servicio como armamento naval en 1949 como piezas principales del crucero Chapayev, La longitud de su cañón era de 8,935 m con 40 estrías y una capacidad de recámara de 32,8 litros. It was inclined 5° to increase its resistance to flat-trajectory shells. [18], Light AA defense was handled by ten quadruple, water-cooled, 46-K mounts fitted with 37 mm (1.5 in) 70-K guns with 1800 rounds per gun. Over 100 models of the hull were tested in a ship model basin to find the best hull form and two one-tenth-scale launches were built at Sevastopol to test the hull's maneuverability. There was one on each side of the forward funnel while the other was atop the rear superstructure. The Sovetskiy Soyuz (Soviet Union) class of battleships were the Soviet answer to the German battleships of the late 1930’s, they were designed to be capable of engaging and defeating the Bismarck class, they were known as Projekt 23. In German products the unit's proper name was perfectly translated to Sowjetski Sojus, the correct German transcription of Russian Советский Союз. [12], The steam turbines, and a license to build them, were originally going to be ordered from Cammell Laird in the United Kingdom, but their £700,000 cost was more than the Soviets wanted to pay. Register Start a Wiki. The upper deck was 100 mm thick above the 220 mm waterline belt extension. Six triangle-type water-tube boilers powered the turbines at a working pressure of 37 kg/cm2 (3,628 kPa; 526 psi) and a temperature of 380 °C (716 °F). [24], The August 1938 shipbuilding plan envisioned a total of 15 Project 23-class battleships, and this grandiose scheme was only slightly revised downward to 14 ships in the August 1939 plan. De los 15 buques inicialmente planeados, se iniciaron los trabajos de cuatro en tres astilleros distintos entre el verano de 1938 y finales de 1939, todos fueron cancelados a finales de 1940. 1 and 2 boiler rooms had to be raised sufficiently for the wing propeller shafts to pass beneath them. "The "Sovietskii Soiuz" Class Battleships". Yet another TTZ was approved by Orlov on 3 August for ships of 41,500 tons with an armament of nine 406-millimeter, twelve 152-millimeter (6.0 in), twelve 100-millimeter (3.9 in), and forty 37-millimeter (1.5 in) guns, a maximum armor thickness of 380 mm (15 in) and a speed of 30 knots. [9], The hull form was very full-bodied, especially at the forward magazines, where the torpedo protection system added width to the beam. One Soyuz-class ship was the USS Bozeman, initially thought lost in 2278. They could elevate to a maximum of 85° and depress to −8°. Only four hulls of the sixteen originally planned had been laid down by 1940, when the decision was made to cut the program to only three ships to divert resources to an expanded army rearmament program. The Sovetsky Soyuz- (Russian: Советский Союз-) battleships are the largest - in terms of hull length and displacement - class of warships operated by the modern Soviet Navy. Historically, the Battleship dominated the seas of the Early Modern World. The Sovietsky Soyuz crew was formed of men hand picked from loyal usually government families. 2, separated by a narrow centerline compartment for various ship control stations as well as the main fire control post; then came No. The Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleships (Project 23, Russian: Советский Союз, "Soviet Union"), also known as "Stalin's Republics", were a class of battleships begun by the Soviet Union in the late 1930s but never brought into service. A number of details remained to be worked out, including the final design of the machinery plant, the 152 mm guns and the 100 mm gun mounts. More than 100 models were tested, even one-tenth-scale launches for maniability at sea, while protection was seriously tested, a replica of the future armor decks on which a 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) bomb was dropped. She joined the fleet in mid-1893, but was not fully ready for service until 1894. Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with Russian-language external links, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, World War II battleships of the Soviet Union, Abandoned military projects of the Soviet Union, http://www.gwpda.org/naval/russian_and_soviet_battleships_errata.pdf, "Russian 406 mm/50 (16") B-37 Pattern 1937", http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_16-50_m1937.htm, "Russian 152 mm/57 (6") B-38 Pattern 1938", http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_6-57_m1938.htm, "Russia / USSR 100 mm/56 (3.9") B-34 Pattern 1940", http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_39-56_m1940.htm, http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_37mm-67_70-K.htm, "№ 150. The 3.15-meter (10 ft 4 in) diameter cylinder was intended to be immersed in fuel oil or water. Russian & Soviet Battleships. [4] While these projects proved useful to the Soviets, they decided to proceed with their own designs. Sovetsky Soyuz-class Battleship. This led to the very unusual situation where the armor belt thickened toward the bow to compensate for the narrowing of the ship near the forward magazines, which had to be compensated for by thicker armor. They displaced 59,150 metric tons (58,220 long tons) at standard load and 65,150 metric tons (64,121 long tons) at full load, although weight estimates made in 1940 show that they would have exceeded 60,000 metric tons (59,052 long tons) standard and 67,000 metric tons (65,942 long tons) at full load. A partir de junio de 1941 los trabajos se frenaron y solo una de las piezas había completado sus pruebas, Tenían una longitud del cañón de 20,720 m con 40 surcos en el ánima una capacidad en la recámara de 441,2 l. Eran capaces de realizar entre 1,75 y 2,6 disparos por minuto dependiendo de la elevación del cañón, Su denominación oficial era 15 mm/57 B-38, Las piezas de 152mm también fueron diseñadas de específicamente para estos buques, aunque ninguna de ellas se llegó a instalar sobre los mismos. The failure of the Soviet armor plate industry to build cemented armor plates thicker than 230 millimeters (9.1 in) would have negated any advantages from the Sovetsky Soyuz class's thicker armor in combat. Explore Wikis; Community Central; Start a Wiki; Search This wiki This wiki All wikis | Sign In Don't have an account? The fifteen ships of the Sovetsky Soyuz class would have displaced some 60,000 tons, carrying 9 16” guns in three triple turrets and making 28 knots. The other was mounted on top of the conning tower and was protected by 50 mm (2.0 in) of armor. 100 mm of armor protected the faces, sides and backs of the MZ-14 turrets for the 100 mm guns, but their roofs and barbettes were 100 mm thick. Toledo, OH: International Naval Research Organization. Stalin's expressed desire to see one of the Project 23-class ships completed only delayed the decision to scrap her; this was ordered on 29 May 1948 and was well underway by April 1949. 3. [19], Each main gun turret was given a DM-12 12-meter (39 ft 4 in) rangefinder for use in local control, but they were generally controlled by one of three KDP-8 fire-control directors. Some effort was made to launch the hull, but little work had been done to dredge the river at the foot of the slipway and she was captured on 18 August 1941, although retreating Soviet troops slightly damaged her hull. [30], Sovetskaya Rossiya (Russian: Советская Россия—Soviet Russia) was laid down on 22 July 1940 in Shipyard Nr. 402 in Molotovsk. La mayor parte de esa ayuda vino de Italia e influencio mucho en los diseños tanto de estos acorazados, como de los cruceros y de sus armas navales. The cylinder of the Pugliese system was also 7 mm thick while the semi-circular main bulkhead was 35 mm (1.4 in) thick with a flat 10-millimeter (0.39 in) bulkhead behind it. They were designed in response to the battleships being built by Germany. [20], Soviet armor plate plants proved incapable of producing plates of cemented armor thicker than 230 mm (9.1 in) which forced the decision to replace cemented plates thicker than 200 mm (7.9 in) with face-hardened ones with less resistance in November 1940. These had two 8-meter (26 ft 3 in) stereoscopic rangefinders, one to track the target and the other to measure the range to the ship's own shell splashes. 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